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2016 Survey Results

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)

2016 PRAMS Topics for North Carolina

2016 Technical Notes

Alcohol Use

• Alcohol Use During the 3 Months Before Pregnancy
• Alcohol Use During the Last 3 Months of Pregnancy
• Among Drinkers, Change in Alcohol Use During Pregnancy

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Breastfeeding

• Prevalence of Breastfeeding Initiation
• Breastfeeding at 4 Weeks After Delivery
• Breastfeeding at 8 Weeks After Delivery
• Breastfeeding Now
• Reasons Mothers Cited for Not Breastfeeding
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Other Children to Take Care of
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Too Many Household Duties
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Didn't Like it
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Was Sick or on Medication
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Other Unspecified Reasons
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Went Back to Work
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Went Back to School
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Tried but it was Too Hard
• Reason for Not Breastfeeding: Did not Want to
• Reason for Stopping: Breast Milk Alone did not Satisfy Baby
• Reason for Stopping: Baby had Difficulty Nursing
• Reason for Stopping: Not Producing Enough Milk
• Reason for Stopping: Nipples Sore, Cracked, or Bleeding
• Reason for Stopping: Too Many Other Household Duties
• Reason for Stopping: Got Sick and Could not Breastfeed
• Reason for Stopping: Baby Became Jaundiced
• Reason for Stopping: Felt it was Right Time
• Reason for Stopping: Baby not Gaining Enough Weight
• Reason for Stopping: Partner Didn't Support Breastfeeding
• Reason for Stopping: Went Back to Work
• Reason for Stopping: Went Back to School
• Reason for Stopping: Unspecified Reason
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Breastfed My Baby
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Hospital Gave Phone Number for Breastfeeding Help
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Hospital Gave Gift Pack with Formula
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Staff Helped with Learning How to Breastfeed
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Breastfed Baby in First Hour after Born
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Staff Gave Info about Breastfeeding
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Baby Fed only Breast Milk
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Baby Used a Pacifier
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Baby Stayed in Same Room
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Staff Instructed to Breastfeed Whenever Baby Wanted
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Staff Gave a Breast Pump to Use
• In the Hospital Where New Baby was Born: Skin-to-skin Contact Within the First Hour of Birth
• Information about Breastfeeding: Baby's Doctor
• Information about Breastfeeding: Mom's Doctor
• Information about Breastfeeding: Support Group
• Information about Breastfeeding: Family or Friends
• Information about Breastfeeding: Hotline or Toll-Free
• Information about Breastfeeding: Nurse, Midwife or Doula
• Information about Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding or Lactation Specialist
• Information about Breastfeeding: Other Resources
• Help with Breastfeeding: Support Groups
• Help with Breastfeeding: Managing Pain or Bleeding Nipples
• Help with Breastfeeding: Baby Getting Enough Milk
• Help with Breastfeeding: Other Types of Help
• Help with Breastfeeding: Getting Baby Positioned Correctly
• Help with Breastfeeding: Where to Get a Breast Pump
• Help with Breastfeeding: Someone to Answer Questions
• Help with Breastfeeding: Using Breast Pump

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Contraception

• Used Birth Control When Became Pregnant
• Birth Control Method Use Before
• Birth Control Method Use Before: Condoms
• Birth Control Method Use Before: Contraceptive Implant
• Birth Control Method Use Before: IUD
• Birth Control Method Use Before: Other Unspecified Methods
• Birth Control Method Use Before: BC Pill
• Birth Control Method Use Before: Withdrawal/Pulling Out
• Birth Control Method Use Before: Rhythm
• Birth Control Method Use Before: Injections
• Birth Control Method Use Before: Contraceptive Patch or Vaginal Ring
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Thought Couldn't Get Pregnant
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Thought Partner or Herself Sterile
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Had Side Effects from Birth Control Method
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Other Unspecified
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Didn't Mind Becoming Pregnant
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Forgot to Use Birth Control Method
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Partner Didn't Want to Use Anything
• Reasons for No Birth Control Before: Had Problem Getting Birth Control When Needed
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Partner Does Not Want to Use
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Not Having Sex
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Other Unspecified Reasons
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Pregnant
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Want to Get Pregnant
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Worried About Side Effects
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Tubes Tied or Blocked
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Do Not Want to Use Birth Control
• Reasons for No Birth Control Now: Cannot Pay for Birth Control
• Use of Birth Control Now
• Birth Control Method Use Now
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Pill
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Condoms
• Birth Control Method Use Now: IUD
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Withdrawal
• Birth Control Method Use Now: No Sex
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Rhythm
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Injection
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Contraceptive Implant
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Other Method
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Tubes Tied
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Vasectomy
• Birth Control Method Use Now: Contraceptive Patch/Ring

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Folic Acid

• Multivitamins: How Many Times a Week Before Pregnancy?

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Health Insurance

• Had Medical Insurance Before Pregnancy
• Prenatal Care Paid by Health Insurance
• Delivery Paid by Health Insurance

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Income

• Source of Income: Total Household Income

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Infant Status

• At Birth, Number of Nights Infant in Hospital

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Intendedness of Pregnancy

• Was Pregnancy Intended?
• Trying to Become Pregnant

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Knowledge of Pregnancy

• Number of Weeks when Mother was Sure She was Pregnant

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Maternal Characteristics

• Mother's Body Mass Index Before Pregnancy
• Mother's Body Mass Index Before Pregnancy (Overweight/Obese)

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Mental Health

• Postpartum Depression
• Postpartum No Interest or Pleasure
• Felt Down, Depressed or Hopeless or Little Interest or Pleasure After Baby Born
• Emotional Upset Due to Race Bias Before Pregnancy
• Depression During Pregnancy

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Morbidity - Maternal

• Before Pregnancy: High Blood Pressure
• Before Pregnancy: Exercise 3+ days/week
• Before Pregnancy: Dieted to Lose Weight
• Before Pregnancy: Checked for Diabetes
• Before Pregnancy: Regularly Taking Prescription Medicine
• Before Pregnancy: Discussed Family Medical History with Health Care Worker
• During Pregnancy: Gestational Diabetes

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Oral Health

• Care of Teeth During Pregnancy: Teeth Cleaned
• Care of Teeth During Pregnancy: Important to Care for Teeth and Gums
• Care of Teeth During Pregnancy: Dental Talk
• Care of Teeth During Pregnancy: Dental Insurance
• Care of Teeth During Pregnancy: Need to See Dentist
• Care of Teeth During Pregnancy: Went to Dentist
• During Pregnancy: Could Not Find a Dentist or Dental Clinic That Would Take Pregnant Patients
• During Pregnancy: Could Not Find a Dentist or Dental Clinic That Would Take Medicaid Patients
• During Pregnancy: Did Not Think it was Safe to Go to the Dentist During Pregnancy
• During Pregnancy: Could Not Afford to Go to the Dentist During Pregnancy

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Physical Abuse

• Physical Abuse by Husband/Partner or Ex-Husband/Ex-Partner Before Pregnancy
• Physical Abuse by Husband/Partner or Ex-Husband/Ex-Partner During Pregnancy

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Postpartum Check for Mom

• Postpartum Checkup for Mom
• During Postpartum Checkup: Taking Vitamin with Folic Acid
• During Postpartum Checkup: Eating Healthy
• During Postpartum Checkup: How Long to Wait Before Getting Pregnant Again
• During Postpartum Checkup: Birth Control Methods After Delivery
• During Postpartum Checkup: Prescribe Contraceptive Methods
• During Postpartum Checkup: Insert IUD
• During Postpartum Checkup: Smoking
• During Postpartum Checkup: Emotionally or Physically Hurting
• During Postpartum Checkup: Depressed
• During Postpartum Checkup: Diabetes

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Preconception Counseling

• In the 12 months before pregnancy, did you have any health care visits with a health care worker?
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Visit for Family Planning
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Visit with Dentist
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Checkup with Doctor
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Visit for Illness
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Visit for Injury
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Visit for Depression or Anxiety
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Checkup with OBGYN
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Other
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Asked Me if Someone was Hurting Me Emotionally or Physically
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Tested Me for HIV
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Talked to Me About How I Could Improve My Health Before a Pregnancy
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Type-Visit for Family Planning
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Asked Me if I Was Feeling Down or Depressed
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Talked to Me About Controlling Diabetes or High Blood Pressure
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Talked to Me About Using Birth Control
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Asked Me if I Was Smoking Cigarettes
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Talked to Me About Sexually Transmitted Infections
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Told Me to Take a Vitamin With Folic Acid
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Asked Me the Kind of Work I Do
• During Health Care Visits in the 12 Months Before Pregnancy: Health Care Worker Talked to Me About Maintaining Healthy Weight

Prenatal Care - Barriers

• Experienced Barriers to Obtaining Prenatal Care
• Prenatal Care Barrier: No Appointment
• Prenatal Care Barrier: No Money or Insurance
• Prenatal Care Barrier: No Transportation
• Prenatal Care Barrier: Doctor or Health Plan Would not Start Care Earlier
• Prenatal Care Barrier: Too Busy
• Prenatal Care Barrier: No Time Off From Work
• Prenatal Care Barrier: Did Not Have Medicaid Card
• Prenatal Care Barrier: No Child Care
• Prenatal Care Barrier: Pregnancy Not Known
• Prenatal Care Barrier: Did Not Want Pregnancy Known
• Prenatal Care Barrier: Did Not Want Prenatal Care

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Prenatal Care - Content

• During Pregnancy Counseling on Weight Gain
• During Prenatal Counseling on Prescription Medication
• During Prenatal Counseling on Smoking
• During Prenatal Counseling on Alcohol
• During Prenatal Counseling on Hurting Emotionally or Physically
• During Prenatal Counseling on Depression
• During Prenatal Counseling on Using Illegal Drugs
• During Prenatal Counseling on Desire to be Tested for HIV
• During Prenatal Counseling on Planning to Breastfeed Baby
• During Pregnancy Counseling on Planning to Use Birth Control
• During Prenatal Counseling on Crying Baby
• During Prenatal Counseling on Shaken Baby
• During Prenatal Counseling on Baby Blues (Postpartum Depression)
• During Prenatal Counseling on Smoking or Tobacco Use
• During Prenatal Counseling on Secondhand Smoking

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Prenatal Care - Timing

• Number of Weeks When Sure Pregnant
• Received Prenatal Care as Early as Wanted

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Reproductive History

• Previous Live Birth
• Previous Premature Birth
• Previous Low Birth Weight Birth

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Sleep Position and Bed Sharing

• Infant Sleeping Position
• Infant Bed Sharing
• When baby sleeps alone, if he/she sleep in a crib or be in the same room where mom sleeps
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: In a crib, bassinet, or pack and play
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: On a twin or larger mattress or bed
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: On a couch, sofa, or armchair
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: In an infant car seat or swing
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: In a sleeping sack or wearable blanket
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: With a blanket
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: With toys, cushions, or pillows
• How baby usually sleep in the past 2 weeks: With crib bumper pads
• Did any health care professional tell mom: Place baby on his or her back to sleep
• Did any health care professional tell mom: Place baby to sleep in a crib, bassinet, or pack and play
• Did any health care professional tell mom: Place baby's crib or bed in mom's room
• Did any health care professional tell mom: What things should and should not go in bed with baby

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Smoking

• Smoked in Past 2 Years
• Smoked 3 Months Before Pregnancy
• Smoked Last 3 Months of Pregnancy
• Smoked After Pregnancy
• Among Smokers, Continuous Smoking Before, During, After Pregnancy
• Among Smokers, Change in Smoking from 3 Months Before to Last 3 Months of Pregnancy
• Among Smokers, Change in Smoking from 3 Months Before to Now
• Cigarette Smokers in Home
• E-cigarettes
• Hookah
• 3 months before pregnancy E-cigarette use
• During the last 3 months of pregnancy E-cigarette use

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Social Stress

• Frequency of Stressful Events 12 Months Before Pregnancy
• Stressful Event: Family Member Hospitalized
• Stressful Event: Separated or Divorced
• Stressful Event: Moved
• Stressful Event: Homeless
• Stressful Event: Husband / Partner Lost Job
• Stressful Event: Lost Job, Wanted to Work
• Stressful Event: Husband/Partner or Respondent had a cut in work hours or pay
• Stressful Event: Away from Husband / Partner
• Stressful Event: Argued with Husband More than Usual
• Stressful Event: Husband / Partner Did Not Want Pregnancy
• Stressful Event: Couldn't Pay Bills
• Stressful Event: You or Husband / Partner Jailed
• Stressful Event: Someone Close Had a Substance Abuse Problem
• Stressful Event: Someone Close Died

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Social Support

• Social Support: Someone to Loan You $50
• Social Support: Someone to Help if Sick in Bed
• Social Support: Someone to Talk
• Social Support: Someone to Take to Care of Baby
• Social Support: Someone to Help when Tired
• Prenatal Social Support

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Vaccination

• During the 12 mos before the delivery, flu shot offered?
• During the 12 mos before delivery, had flu shot?

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Work Leave

• Mom worked before pregnancy?
• Did mom return to work?
• How much leave taken?
• Maternity work leave
• Decision about taking leave from work after delivery: Could not afford to take leave
• Decision about taking leave from work after delivery: Afraid to loose job if took leave
• Decision about taking leave from work after delivery: Had too much work to take leave
• Decision about taking leave from work after delivery: Job does not offer a flexible work schedule
• Decision about taking leave from work after delivery: Had not built up enough leave time to take any or more time off
• Did father take leave from work after the baby was born?

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